Afroz Civil

Guide to Understanding Building Drawings By Afroz Civil Building drawings are essential documents that communicate the design, dimensions, structure, materials, and technical services of a building. This guide provides a complete understanding of how to read building drawings effectively from both architectural and structural perspectives. 1. Understanding Dimensions & Scale Dimensions Dimensions represent width, height, depth, and spacing between elements. Architectural drawings use dimensions to locate rooms, doors, windows, and finishes. Structural drawings use them to fix foundation sizes, reinforcement cover, beam spans, and slab thickness. Scale Drawings are scaled representations of real objects. Architectural drawings typically use: 1:100 for plans 1:50 for detailed layouts Structural drawings often use: 1:20 for reinforcement detailing 1:10 for complex joints or connections 2. Important Abbreviations Used in Drawings Includes architectural, st...

BOQ – Bill of Quantity: Complete Guide for Civil Engineers By Afroz Civil What is BOQ (Bill of Quantity)? A Bill of Quantity (BOQ) is a structured document prepared by a Quantity Surveyor or Estimator that lists every item of work along with its description, quantity, unit of measurement, rate, and total amount . It is developed based on approved drawings and project specifications and follows standard measurement methods. BOQ brings accuracy, clarity, and transparency to project costing and tendering. Objectives of BOQ To provide item-wise detailed quantities for all project components To offer a uniform basis for contractor bidding To ensure accuracy in estimation and tender comparison To avoid disputes during execution and billing To support interim and final bill preparation Applicable Standards BOQ preparation follows these major codes and references: IS 1200 – Method of Measurement of Building & Civil Works CPWD Works Manual & DSR Mo...